Keto Diets and Diabetes: What You Need to Know

The ketogenic (keto) diet has gained popularity as a way to lose weight and manage certain
health conditions. But is it a good choice for people with diabetes or prediabetes?
While the keto diet may offer some benefits, it also comes with risks — especially for those with
blood sugar concerns. Here’s what you need to know about the keto diet, how it affects
diabetes, and what to consider before trying it.

What Is the Keto Diet?
The ketogenic diet is a low-carb, high-fat eating plan. It drastically reduces carbohydrate intake
while increasing fats, which forces the body into a state called ketosis. In ketosis, your body
burns fat for fuel instead of glucose (sugar).
A typical keto diet consists of:
● 70% fat
● 20% protein
● 10% or fewer carbs

This shift can lead to weight loss, improved energy, and better blood sugar control for some
people. However, it’s not suitable for everyone.

How the Keto Diet Affects Diabetes and Prediabetes

For people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, the keto diet may help reduce blood sugar
levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Because it limits carbohydrates, your body has less
glucose to manage, which can prevent blood sugar spikes.
Some research suggests that a low-carb diet like keto can:
● Lower A1C levels (a measure of blood sugar control over time)

● Support weight loss
● Improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels

What About Type 1 Diabetes?
People with type 1 diabetes need to be cautious with the keto diet. Since their bodies don’t
produce insulin, there’s a higher risk of a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
DKA happens when ketones — chemicals produced during fat burning — build up to dangerous
levels in the blood.

If you have type 1 diabetes, it’s essential to monitor ketones regularly and work closely with your
healthcare provider.

Potential Benefits of the Keto Diet for Diabetes
Some people with diabetes find success with the keto diet because it can:
● Promote Weight Loss: Losing extra weight can improve insulin sensitivity.
● Stabilize Blood Sugar Levels: Fewer carbs mean fewer blood sugar spikes.
● Reduce Medication Dependence: Some people may lower their need for insulin or oral
medications.

However, these benefits are not guaranteed, and results vary from person to person.

Risks and Considerations
While the keto diet has its advantages, it’s not without risks. For people with diabetes, potential
concerns include:
● Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Reducing carbs can cause blood sugar to drop too
low, especially if you’re on insulin or other medications.
● Nutrient Deficiencies: Cutting out fruits, grains, and certain vegetables may lead to a
lack of fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

● Increased Ketones: For people with type 1 diabetes, excess ketones can lead to DKA,
a life-threatening emergency.
● Digestive Issues: The high-fat nature of the diet may cause constipation or other
digestive problems.

Is the Keto Diet Right for You?
The keto diet isn’t for everyone, especially those with:
● Type 1 diabetes
● A history of DKA
● Kidney disease
● Liver problems

If you’re considering the keto diet for managing diabetes or prediabetes, follow these tips:
1. Talk to Your Doctor: Discuss your medical history and goals with your healthcare
provider before making changes to your diet.
2. Monitor Your Blood Sugar: Track your glucose levels closely, especially when
adjusting your carb intake.
3. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help prevent dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances.
4. Eat Healthy Fats: Choose sources like avocado, nuts, olive oil, and fatty fish instead of
processed fats.
5. Watch for Symptoms: Be aware of signs of hypoglycemia or DKA, such as dizziness,
confusion, or difficulty breathing.

Other Alternatives to Consider

If the keto diet isn’t the right fit, other diets may provide similar benefits for managing blood
sugar, including:
● Mediterranean Diet: Focuses on healthy fats, vegetables, whole grains, and lean
proteins.
● DASH Diet: Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and minimal saturated fats.
● Low-Carb Diet: Allows flexibility without the strict restrictions of keto.

These diets are generally safer and easier to maintain long-term.

Final Thoughts
The keto diet can be an effective tool for some people with diabetes or prediabetes, but it’s not
without risks. It’s important to have regular check-ups, monitor your blood sugar levels, and
work closely with your healthcare team.
Thinking about trying the keto diet? Talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian to create a
personalized plan that supports your health goals.
Remember: The best diet is one that’s sustainable, balanced, and tailored to your needs.